Mysql

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In MySQL, you can use the or!= operators to test for inequality in a query. For example, we could test for inequality using the operator, as follows: SELECT. FROM contacts WHERE lastname 'Johnson'; In this example, the SELECT statement would return all rows from the contacts table where the lastname is not equal to Johnson. MySQL Yum Repository; MySQL APT Repository; MySQL SUSE Repository; MySQL Community Server; MySQL Cluster; MySQL Router; MySQL Shell; MySQL Workbench; MySQL Installer for Windows; MySQL for Visual Studio. MySQL is the world's most popular open source relational database and Amazon RDS makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale MySQL deployments in the cloud.With Amazon RDS, you can deploy scalable MySQL servers in minutes with cost-efficient and resizable hardware capacity. Amazon RDS for MySQL frees you up to focus on application development by managing time-consuming database. MySQL for Excel is now covered under Oracle Lifetime Sustaining Support Per Oracle's Lifetime Support policy, as of Sept 18, 2020, MySQL for Excel is covered under Oracle Sustaining Support.

mysql - the MySQL command-line tool

Synopsis

mysql [options]db_name

Description

mysql is a simple SQL shell with input line editing capabilities. It supports interactive and noninteractive use. When used interactively, queryresults are presented in an ASCII-table format. When used noninteractively (for example, as a filter), the result is presented in tab-separated format. Theoutput format can be changed using command options.

If you have problems due to insufficient memory for large result sets, use the --quick option. This forces mysql to retrieve results from theserver a row at a time rather than retrieving the entire result set and buffering it in memory before displaying it. This is done by returning the result setusing the mysql_use_result() C API function in the client/server library rather than mysql_store_result().

Using mysql is very easy. Invoke it from the prompt of your command interpreter as follows:

Or:

Then type an SQL statement, end it with ';', g, or G and press Enter.

As of MySQL 5.1.10, typing Control+C causes mysql to attempt to kill the current statement. If this cannot be done, or Control+C is typed againbefore the statement is killed, mysql exits. Previously, Control+C caused mysql to exit in all cases.

You can execute SQL statements in a script file (batch file) like this:

On Unix, the mysql client writes a record of executed statements to a history file. See the section called 'MYSQL HISTORY FILE'.

Mysql Options

mysql supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or in the [mysql] and [client] groups of an option file.mysql also supports the options for processing option files described at Section 4.2.3.4, 'Command-Line Options that Affect Option-FileHandling'.

• --help, -?

Display a help message and exit.

• --auto-rehash

Enable automatic rehashing. This option is on by default, which enables database, table, and column name completion. Use --disable-auto-rehash todisable rehashing. That causes mysql to start faster, but you must issue the rehash command if you want to use name completion.

To complete a name, enter the first part and press Tab. If the name is unambiguous, mysql completes it. Otherwise, you can press Tab again to see thepossible names that begin with what you have typed so far. Completion does not occur if there is no default database.

• --batch, -B

Print results using tab as the column separator, with each row on a new line. With this option, mysql does not use the history file.

Batch mode results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the--raw option.

• --bind-address=ip_address

On a computer having multiple network interfaces, this option can be used to select which interface is employed when connecting to the MySQL server.

This option is supported only in the version of the mysql client that is supplied with MySQL Cluster, beginning with MySQL Cluster NDB 6.3.4. It isnot available in standard MySQL 5.1 releases.

• --character-sets-dir=path

The directory where character sets are installed. See Section 10.5, 'Character Set Configuration'.

• --column-names

Write column names in results.

• --column-type-info, -m

Display result set metadata. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.14. (Before that, use --debug-info.) The -m short option was added in MySQL5.1.21.

• --comments, -c

Whether to preserve comments in statements sent to the server. The default is --skip-comments (discard comments), enable with --comments (preservecomments). This option was added in MySQL 5.1.23.

• --compress, -C

Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support compression.

• --database=db_name, -Ddb_name

The database to use. This is useful primarily in an option file.

• --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]

Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is 'd:t:o,file_name'. The default is 'd:t:o,/tmp/mysql.trace'.

• --debug-check

Print some debugging information when the program exits. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.21.

• --debug-info, -T

Before MySQL 5.1.14, this option prints debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits, and also causes display of resultset metadata during execution. As of MySQL 5.1.14, use --column-type-info to display result set metadata.

• --default-character-set=charset_name

Use charset_name as the default character set for the client and connection.

A common issue that can occur when the operating system uses utf8 or another multi-byte character set is that output from the mysql client isformatted incorrectly, due to the fact that the MySQL client uses the latin1 character set by default. You can usually fix such issues by using this option toforce the client to use the system character set instead.

See Section 10.5, 'Character Set Configuration', for more information.

• --delimiter=str

Set the statement delimiter. The default is the semicolon character (';').

• --disable-named-commands

Disable named commands. Use the * form only, or use named commands only at the beginning of a line ending with a semicolon (';'). mysql starts withthis option enabled by default. However, even with this option, long-format commands still work from the first line. See the section called 'MYSQLCOMMANDS'.

• --execute=statement, -estatement

Execute the statement and quit. The default output format is like that produced with --batch. See Section 4.2.3.1, 'Using Options on the CommandLine', for some examples. With this option, mysql does not use the history file.

• --force, -f

Continue even if an SQL error occurs.

• --host= Mysql

host_name, -hhost_name

Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.

• --html, -H

Produce HTML output.

• --ignore-spaces, -i

Ignore spaces after function names. The effect of this is described in the discussion for the IGNORE_SPACE SQL mode (see Section 5.1.7, 'Server SQLModes').

• --line-numbers

Write line numbers for errors. Disable this with --skip-line-numbers.

• --local-infile[={0 1}]

Enable or disable LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA INFILE. With no value, the option enables LOCAL. The option may be given as --local-infile=0 or--local-infile=1 to explicitly disable or enable LOCAL. Enabling LOCAL has no effect if the server does not also support it.

• --named-commands, -G Mysql tutorial

Enable named mysql commands. Long-format commands are permitted, not just short-format commands. For example, quit and q both are recognized. Use--skip-named-commands to disable named commands. See the section called 'MYSQL COMMANDS'.

• --no-auto-rehash, -A

This has the same effect as -skip-auto-rehash. See the description for --auto-rehash.

• --no-beep, -b

Do not beep when errors occur.

• --no-named-commands, -g

Deprecated, use --disable-named-commands instead. --no-named-commands is removed in MySQL 5.5.

• --no-pager

Deprecated form of --skip-pager. See the --pager option. --no-pager is removed in MySQL 5.5.

• --no-tee

Deprecated form of --skip-tee. See the --tee option. --no-tee is removed in MySQL 5.5.

• --one-database, -o

Ignore statements except those that occur while the default database is the one named on the command line. This option is rudimentary and should be usedwith care. Statement filtering is based only on USE statements.

Initially, mysql executes statements in the input because specifying a database db_name on the command line is equivalent to inserting USEdb_name at the beginning of the input. Then, for each USE statement encountered, mysql accepts or rejects following statements depending onwhether the database named is the one on the command line. The content of the statements is immaterial.

Suppose that mysql is invoked to process this set of statements:

If the command line is mysql --force --one-database db1, mysql handles the input as follows:

• The DELETE statement is executed because the default database is db1, even though the statement names a table in a different database.

• The DROP TABLE and CREATE TABLE statements are not executed because the default database is not db1, even though the statements name a table indb1.

• The INSERT and CREATE TABLE statements are executed because the default database is db1, even though the CREATE TABLE statement names a table in adifferent database.

• --pager[=command]

Use the given command for paging query output. If the command is omitted, the default pager is the value of your PAGER environment variable. Valid pagersare less, more, cat [> filename], and so forth. This option works only on Unix and only in interactive mode. To disable paging, use--skip-pager. the section called 'MYSQL COMMANDS', discusses output paging further.

• --password[=password], -p[password]

Easyworship. The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and thepassword. If you omit the password value following the --password or -p option on the command line, mysql prompts for one.

Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. See Section 6.1.2.1, 'End-User Guidelines for Password Security'. You can use anoption file to avoid giving the password on the command line.

• --pipe, -W

On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the server supports named-pipe connections.

• --port=port_num, -Pport_num

The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.

• --prompt=format_str

Set the prompt to the specified format. The default is mysql>. The special sequences that the prompt can contain are described in the section called'MYSQL COMMANDS'.

• --protocol={TCP SOCKET PIPE MEMORY}

The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be usedother than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, see Section 4.2.2, 'Connecting to the MySQL Server'.

• --quick, -q

Do not cache each query result, print each row as it is received. This may slow down the server if the output is suspended. With this option, mysqldoes not use the history file.

• --raw, -r

For tabular output, the 'boxing' around columns enables one column value to be distinguished from another. For nontabular output (such as is produced inbatch mode or when the --batch or --silent option is given), special characters are escaped in the output so they can be identified easily.Newline, tab, NUL, and backslash are written as n, t, 0, and . The --raw option disables this character escaping.

The following example demonstrates tabular versus nontabular output and the use of raw mode to disable escaping:

• --reconnect

If the connection to the server is lost, automatically try to reconnect. A single reconnect attempt is made each time the connection is lost. To suppressreconnection behavior, use --skip-reconnect.

• --safe-updates, --i-am-a-dummy, -U

Permit only those UPDATE and DELETE statements that specify which rows to modify by using key values. If you have set this option in an option file, you canoverride it by using --safe-updates on the command line. See the section called 'MYSQL TIPS', for more information about this option.

• --secure-auth

Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre-4.1.1) format. This prevents connections except for servers that use the newer password format.

• --show-warnings

Cause warnings to be shown after each statement if there are any. This option applies to interactive and batch mode.

• --sigint-ignore

Ignore SIGINT signals (typically the result of typing Control+C).

• --silent, -s

Silent mode. Produce less output. This option can be given multiple times to produce less and less output.

This option results in nontabular output format and escaping of special characters. Escaping may be disabled by using raw mode; see the description for the--raw option.

• --skip-column-names, -N

Do not write column names in results.

• --skip-line-numbers, -L

Do not write line numbers for errors. Useful when you want to compare result files that include error messages.

• --socket=path, -Spath

For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.

• --ssl*

Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using SSL and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See Section6.3.6.4, 'SSL Command Options'.

• --table, -t

Display output in table format. This is the default for interactive use, but can be used to produce table output in batch mode.

• --tee=file_name

Append a copy of output to the given file. This option works only in interactive mode. the section called 'MYSQL COMMANDS', discusses tee filesfurther.

• --unbuffered, -n

Flush the buffer after each query.

• --user=user_name, -uuser_name

The MySQL user name to use when connecting to the server.

• --verbose, -v

Verbose mode. Produce more output about what the program does. This option can be given multiple times to produce more and more output. (For example, -v-v -v produces table output format even in batch mode.)

• --version, -V

Display version information and exit.

• --vertical, -E

Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value). Without this option, you can specify vertical output for individual statements byterminating them with G.

• --wait, -w

If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting.

• --xml, -X

Produce XML output.

Note
Prior to MySQL 5.1.12, there was no differentiation in the output when using this option between columns containing the NULL value and columns containing thestring literal 'NULL'; both were represented as

Beginning with MySQL 5.1.12, the output when --xml is used with mysql matches that of mysqldump --xml. See mysqldump(1)for details.

Beginning with MySQL 5.1.18, the XML output also uses an XML namespace, as shown here:

(See Bug #25946.)

You can also set the following variables by using --var_name=value. The --set-variable format is deprecated and isremoved in MySQL 5.5.

• connect_timeout

The number of seconds before connection timeout. (Default value is 0.)

• max_allowed_packet

The maximum packet length to send to or receive from the server. (Default value is 16MB.)

• max_join_size Mysql

The automatic limit for rows in a join when using --safe-updates. (Default value is 1,000,000.)

• net_buffer_length

The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication. (Default value is 16KB.)

• select_limit

The automatic limit for SELECT statements when using --safe-updates. (Default value is 1,000.)

Mysql Commands

mysql sends each SQL statement that you issue to the server to be executed. There is also a set of commands that mysql itself interprets. Fora list of these commands, type help or h at the mysql> prompt:

Each command has both a long and short form. The long form is not case sensitive; the short form is. The long form can be followed by an optional semicolonterminator, but the short form should not.

The use of short-form commands within multi-line /* .. */ comments is not supported.

• help [arg], h [arg], ? [arg], ? [arg]

Display a help message listing the available mysql commands.

If you provide an argument to the help command, mysql uses it as a search string to access server-side help from the contents of the MySQL ReferenceManual. For more information, see the section called 'MYSQL SERVER-SIDE HELP'.

• charset charset_name, C charset_name

Change the default character set and issue a SET NAMES statement. This enables the character set to remain synchronized on the client and server ifmysql is run with auto-reconnect enabled (which is not recommended), because the specified character set is used for reconnects. This command was addedin MySQL 5.1.7.

• clear, c

Clear the current input. Use this if you change your mind about executing the statement that you are entering.

• connect [db_name host_name]], r [db_name host_name]]

Reconnect to the server. The optional database name and host name arguments may be given to specify the default database or the host where the server isrunning. If omitted, the current values are used.

• delimiter str, d str

Change the string that mysql interprets as the separator between SQL statements. The default is the semicolon character (';').

The delimiter string can be specified as an unquoted or quoted argument on the delimiter command line. Quoting can be done with either single quote ('),double quote ('), or backtick (') characters. To include a quote within a quoted string, either quote the string with a different quote character or escape thequote with a backslash (') character. Backslash should be avoided outside of quoted strings because it is the escape character for MySQL. For an unquotedargument, the delimiter is read up to the first space or end of line. For a quoted argument, the delimiter is read up to the matching quote on the line.

mysql interprets instances of the delimiter string as a statement delimiter anywhere it occurs, except within quoted strings. Be careful aboutdefining a delimiter that might occur within other words. For example, if you define the delimiter as X, you will be unable to use the word INDEX instatements. mysql interprets this as INDE followed by the delimiter X.

When the delimiter recognized by mysql is set to something other than the default of ';', instances of that character are sent to the server withoutinterpretation. However, the server itself still interprets ';' as a statement delimiter and processes statements accordingly. This behavior on the server sidecomes into play for multiple-statement execution (see Section 21.9.12, 'C API Support for Multiple Statement Execution'), and for parsing the body of storedprocedures and functions, triggers, and events (see Section 19.1, 'Defining Stored Programs').

• edit, e

Edit the current input statement. mysql checks the values of the EDITOR and VISUAL environment variables to determine which editor to use. Thedefault editor is vi if neither variable is set.

The edit command works only in Unix.

• ego, G

Send the current statement to the server to be executed and display the result using vertical format.

• exit, q

Exit mysql.

• go, g

Send the current statement to the server to be executed.

• nopager, n

Disable output paging. See the description for pager.

The nopager command works only in Unix.

• notee, t

Disable output copying to the tee file. See the description for tee.

• nowarning, w

Enable display of warnings after each statement.

• pager [command], P [command]

Enable output paging. By using the --pager option when you invoke mysql, it is possible to browse or search query results in interactive modewith Unix programs such as less, more, or any other similar program. If you specify no value for the option, mysql checks the value of thePAGER environment variable and sets the pager to that. Pager functionality works only in interactive mode.

Output paging can be enabled interactively with the pager command and disabled with nopager. The command takes an optional argument; if given, the pagingprogram is set to that. With no argument, the pager is set to the pager that was set on the command line, or stdout if no pager was specified.

Output paging works only in Unix because it uses the popen() function, which does not exist on Windows. For Windows, the tee option can be used instead tosave query output, although it is not as convenient as pager for browsing output in some situations.

• print, p

Print the current input statement without executing it.

• prompt [str], R [str]

Reconfigure the mysql prompt to the given string. The special character sequences that can be used in the prompt are described later in this section.

If you specify the prompt command with no argument, mysql resets the prompt to the default of mysql>.

• quit, q

Exit mysql.

• rehash, #

Rebuild the completion hash that enables database, table, and column name completion while you are entering statements. (See the description for the--auto-rehash option.)

• source file_name, . file_name

Read the named file and executes the statements contained therein. On Windows, you can specify path name separators as / or .

• status, s

Provide status information about the connection and the server you are using. If you are running in --safe-updates mode, status also prints thevalues for the mysql variables that affect your queries.

• system command, ! command

Execute the given command using your default command interpreter.

The system command works only in Unix.

• tee [file_name], T [file_name]

By using the --tee option when you invoke mysql, you can log statements and their output. All the data displayed on the screen is appendedinto a given file. This can be very useful for debugging purposes also. mysql flushes results to the file after each statement, just before it printsits next prompt. Tee functionality works only in interactive mode.

You can enable this feature interactively with the tee command. Without a parameter, the previous file is used. The tee file can be disabled with the noteecommand. Executing tee again re-enables logging.

• use db_name, u db_name

Use db_name as the default database.

• warnings, W

Enable display of warnings after each statement (if there are any).

Here are a few tips about the pager command:

• You can use it to write to a file and the results go only to the file:

You can also pass any options for the program that you want to use as your pager:

• In the preceding example, note the -S option. You may find it very useful for browsing wide query results. Sometimes a very wide result set isdifficult to read on the screen. The -S option to less can make the result set much more readable because you can scroll it horizontally usingthe left-arrow and right-arrow keys. You can also use -S interactively within less to switch the horizontal-browse mode on and off. For moreinformation, read the less manual page:

• The -F and -X options may be used with less to cause it to exit if output fits on one screen, which is convenient when no scrollingis necessary:

• You can specify very complex pager commands for handling query output:

In this example, the command would send query results to two files in two different directories on two different file systems mounted on /dr1 and /dr2, yetstill display the results onscreen using less.

You can also combine the tee and pager functions. Have a tee file enabled and pager set to less, and you are able to browse the results using theless program and still have everything appended into a file the same time. The difference between the Unix tee used with the pager command and themysql built-in tee command is that the built-in tee works even if you do not have the Unix tee available. The built-in tee also logs everythingthat is printed on the screen, whereas the Unix tee used with pager does not log quite that much. Additionally, tee file logging can be turned on andoff interactively from within mysql. This is useful when you want to log some queries to a file, but not others.

The prompt command reconfigures the default mysql> prompt. The string for defining the prompt can contain the following special sequences.

You can set the prompt in several ways:

• Use an environment variable. You can set the MYSQL_PS1 environment variable to a prompt string. For example:

• Use a command-line option. You can set the --prompt option on the command line to mysql. For example:

• Use an option file. You can set the prompt option in the [mysql] group of any MySQL option file, such as /etc/my.cnf or the .my.cnf file in yourhome directory. For example:

In this example, note that the backslashes are doubled. If you set the prompt using the prompt option in an option file, it is advisable to double thebackslashes when using the special prompt options. There is some overlap in the set of permissible prompt options and the set of special escape sequences thatare recognized in option files. (The rules for escape sequences in option files are listed in Section 4.2.3.3, 'Using Option Files'.) The overlap may cause youproblems if you use single backslashes. For example, s is interpreted as a space rather than as the current seconds value. The following example shows how todefine a prompt within an option file to include the current time in HH:MM:SS> format:

• Set the prompt interactively. You can change your prompt interactively by using the prompt (or R) command. For example:

Mysql Tutorial

Mysql History File

On Unix, the mysql client writes a record of executed statements to a history file. By default, this file is named .mysql_history and is created inyour home directory. To specify a different file, set the value of the MYSQL_HISTFILE environment variable.

The .mysql_history should be protected with a restrictive access mode because sensitive information might be written to it, such as the text of SQLstatements that contain passwords. See Section 6.1.2.1, 'End-User Guidelines for Password Security'.

mysql does not write statements to the history file when used noninteractively (for example, when reading input from a file or a pipe). It is alsopossible to explicitly suppress logging of statements to the history file by using the --batch or --execute option.

If you do not want to maintain a history file, first remove .mysql_history if it exists, and then use either of the following techniques:

• Create .mysql_history as a symbolic link to /dev/null:

You need do this only once.

Mysql Server-side Help

Mysql Workbench

If you provide an argument to the help command, mysql uses it as a search string to access server-side help from the contents of the MySQL ReferenceManual. The proper operation of this command requires that the help tables in the mysql database be initialized with help topic information (see Section 5.1.9,'Server-Side Help'). Mysql

If there is no match for the search string, the search fails:

Use help contents to see a list of the help categories:

If the search string matches multiple items, mysql shows a list of matching topics:

Use a topic as the search string to see the help entry for that topic:

Executing Sql Statements From A Text File

The mysql client typically is used interactively, like this:

However, it is also possible to put your SQL statements in a file and then tell mysql to read its input from that file. To do so, create a text filetext_file that contains the statements you wish to execute. Then invoke mysql as shown here:

If you place a USE db_name statement as the first statement in the file, it is unnecessary to specify the database name on the command line:

If you are already running mysql, you can execute an SQL script file using the source command or . command:

Sometimes you may want your script to display progress information to the user. For this you can insert statements like this:

The statement shown outputs <info_to_display>.

You can also invoke mysql with the --verbose option, which causes each statement to be displayed before the result that it produces.

As of MySQL 5.1.23, mysql ignores Unicode byte order mark (BOM) characters at the beginning of input files. Previously, it read them and sent them tothe server, resulting in a syntax error. Presence of a BOM does not cause mysql to change its default character set. To do that, invoke mysqlwith an option such as --default-character-set=utf8.

For more information about batch mode, see Section 3.5, 'Using mysql in Batch Mode'.

Mysql Tips

This section describes some techniques that can help you use mysql more effectively.

Displaying Query Results Vertically

The SET statement has the following effects:

• You are not permitted to execute an UPDATE or DELETE statement unless you specify a key constraint in the WHERE clause or provide a LIMIT clause (orboth). For example:

• The server limits all large SELECT results to 1,000 rows unless the statement includes a LIMIT clause.

• The server aborts multiple-table SELECT statements that probably need to examine more than 1,000,000 row combinations.

To specify limits different from 1,000 and 1,000,000, you can override the defaults by using the --select_limit and --max_join_sizeoptions:

Disabling mysql Auto-Reconnect

If the mysql client loses its connection to the server while sending a statement, it immediately and automatically tries to reconnect once to theserver and send the statement again. However, even if mysql succeeds in reconnecting, your first connection has ended and all your previous sessionobjects and settings are lost: temporary tables, the autocommit mode, and user-defined and session variables. Also, any current transaction rolls back. Thisbehavior may be dangerous for you, as in the following example where the server was shut down and restarted between the first and second statements without youknowing it:

The @a user variable has been lost with the connection, and after the reconnection it is undefined. If it is important to have mysql terminate withan error if the connection has been lost, you can start the mysql client with the --skip-reconnect option.

For more information about auto-reconnect and its effect on state information when a reconnection occurs, see Section 21.9.11, 'Controlling AutomaticReconnection Behavior'.

Copyright

This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by theFree Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY orFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

Mysql Client Download

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 FranklinStreet, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Author

Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).

Referenced By

mysqld(1)

Learn MySQL

MySQL Useful Resources

Selected Reading

You have seen MySQL pattern matching with LIKE ..%. MySQL supports another type of pattern matching operation based on the regular expressions and the REGEXP operator. If you are aware of PHP or PERL, then it is very simple for you to understand because this matching is same like those scripting the regular expressions.

Following is the table of pattern, which can be used along with the REGEXP operator.

Pattern	What the pattern matches
^	Beginning of string
$	End of string
.	Any single character
[..]	Any character listed between the square brackets
[^..]	Any character not listed between the square brackets
p1 p2 p3	Alternation; matches any of the patterns p1, p2, or p3
*	Zero or more instances of preceding element
+	One or more instances of preceding element
{n}	n instances of preceding element
{m,n}	m through n instances of preceding element

Examples

Now based on above table, you can device various type of SQL queries to meet your requirements. Here, I am listing a few for your understanding.

Consider we have a table called person_tbl and it is having a field called name −

Query to find all the names starting with 'st' −

Query to find all the names ending with 'ok' −

Query to find all the names, which contain 'mar' −

Query to find all the names starting with a vowel and ending with 'ok' −

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